An apophatic description of what god is not, from the Wikipedia entry on Negative Theology:
In Negative theology, it is accepted that the Divine is ineffable, an abstract experience that can only be recognized - that is, human beings cannot describe the essence of God, and therefore all descriptions if attempted will be false and conceptualization should be avoided:
- Neither existence nor nonexistence as we understand it applies to God, i.e., God is beyond existing or not existing. (One cannot say that God exists in the usual sense of the term; nor can we say that God is nonexistent.)
- God is divinely simple. (One should not claim that god is one, or three, or any type of being. All that can be said is, whatever God is, is not multiple independent beings)
- God is not ignorant. (One should not say that God is wise since that word arrogantly implies we know what wise means on a divine scale, whereas we only know what wise means to a man.)
- Likewise, God is not evil. (To say that God can be described by the word ‘good’ limits God to what good means to human beings.)
- God is not a creation (but beyond this we do not know how God comes to be)
- God is not conceptually definable in terms of space and location.
- God is not conceptually confinable to assumptions based on time.
Even though the via negativa essentially rejects theological understanding as a path to God, some have sought to make it into an intellectual exercise, by describing God only in terms of what God is not. One problem noted with this approach, is that there seems to be no fixed basis on deciding what God is not.
There is an alternate wiki entry on Negative/Apophatic Theology at Theopedia, an encyclopedia of Christian theology:
In negative theology, it is maintained that we can never truly define God in words. In the end, the student must transcend words to understand the nature of the Divine. In this sense, negative theology is not a denial. Rather, it is an assertion that whatever the Divine may be, when we attempt to capture it in human words, we will inevitably fall short.
In contrast, making positive statements about the nature of God, which occurs in most other forms of Christian theology, is sometimes called cataphatic theology.
Negative theology played an important role early in the history of Christianity. Three theologians who emphasized the importance of negative theology to an orthodox understanding of God, were Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom, and Basil the Great. It was employed by John of Damascus when he wrote that positive statements about God reveal “not the nature, but the things around the nature.” It continues to be prominent in Eastern Orthodoxy (see Gregory Palamas) where apophatic statements are crucial to much of their theology, and is used to balance cataphatic theology.
It seems that apophatic theology is about as old as the church itself, manifesting around the same era when Constantine institutionalized and Romanized Christianity. Or maybe he Christianized Rome. In any case, there has been a long tradition in Western art and literature, expressing ideas about apophasis and the limits of human knowledge. Notably, there is a relatively obscure series of “mystical treatises” that deal with apophasis, called The Cloud of Unknowing, written by an anonymous Christian mystic in 14th century England.
These ideas also of course exist in many other forms, from elements of Gnostic Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism to Sufi philosophy. Formal theology has no answer for them, they are like ships passing in the night. Maybe this is what Aquinas was talking about when he said that the Summa Theologica, the towering work of theology in the Western tradition, was only “so much straw.”